投资居留项目并列对比

没有购房途径

Closed on September 15, 2026 (it was €250,000). Applications filed by September 14, 2026 are assessed under the old rules.

• €50,000Equity in a smaller Latvian company, plus a €10,000 state payment; a tax condition applies at renewal
• €100,000Equity in a larger Latvian company, plus a €10,000 state payment
• €150,000A state-established alternative investment fund, held for 5 years, plus a €10,000 state payment 尚未开放

Temporary residence permit of up to 2 years (company route; up to 5 years for the fund route)

None stated; the annual registration was abolished

Spouse and minor children 据报道

长期居留

Only EU long-term resident status, after at least 5 years of residence on temporary permits

国籍

Naturalisation after at least 5 years of residence with a permanent residence permit, plus Latvian language and civics tests: about 10 years in all from the first permit (an inference, not an official figure)

€375,000

Purchase, in Malta or Gozo

Or a lease of at least €14,000 a year. The property is kept for 5 years, then a home in Malta must still be kept. In addition: €99,000 of non-refundable payments (€60,000 administration fee, €37,000 government contribution, €2,000 donation to a Maltese NGO) and an asset test (€500,000 with €150,000 in financial assets, or €650,000 with €75,000), kept for 5 years.

无

Permanent residence from approval; the residence card (€500 per person) is valid for 5 years

None stated

Up to four generations: spouse, unmarried children under 29, and the parents and grandparents of either spouse; €7,500 for each adult dependant other than the spouse

长期居留

Permanent residence from approval; a one-year temporary permit can be issued while the application is processed

国籍

No investment route since 2025. Ordinary naturalisation is discretionary: residence for the 12 months before applying, plus 4 of the 6 years before that. 据报道

没有购房途径

Removed on October 7, 2023. No remaining route may be directed to real estate, directly or indirectly.

• €250,000Artistic production or national cultural heritage 不予退还
• €500,000Units of non-real-estate investment funds under Portuguese law (maturity of at least 5 years; at least 60% invested in companies seated in Portugal)
• €500,000Scientific research by public or private institutions
• €500,000Founding a Portuguese company with at least 5 permanent jobs, or a capital increase that creates 5 jobs or keeps 10, for 3 years
• Creating at least 10 jobs

Temporary residence permit: first card 2 years, then 3-year renewals 未核实

7 days in the first year, then 14 days in each later 2-year period 未核实

Family reunification: spouse or partner, minor children, dependent adult children in education, dependent parents, minor siblings under guardianship 未核实

长期居留

Permanent residence after 5 years of residence

国籍

Naturalisation after 10 years of legal residence, or 7 for nationals of Portuguese-speaking countries (CPLP) and EU citizens, plus a test of Portuguese language and culture. In force since May 19, 2026; applications pending on that date keep the previous rules.

€300,000

A new home bought first-hand, VAT extra

Or €300,000 in non-residential property. Paid in full before applying, from abroad. Income test: at least €50,000 a year, plus €15,000 for a spouse and €10,000 for each minor child. 据报道

• €300,000Share capital of a Cyprus company with a physical presence and at least 5 employees 据报道
• €300,000Units of a Cyprus collective investment fund 据报道

Permanent residence of unlimited duration; proof each year that the investment is kept 据报道

尚未加入申根区：持此许可不能在其他申根国家短期停留。

At least one visit every 2 years 据报道

Spouse, minor children, and financially dependent full-time students up to 25; parents excluded since May 2, 2023 据报道

长期居留

Permanent residence from approval

国籍

Naturalisation after 8 years of legal residence within the last 11, including 12 months of continuous residence before applying

没有购房途径

Closed with all the investor routes, including the former property route.

None: every investor route closed.

No new permits. Existing permits keep their validity, and renewals follow the rules in force when the permit was first granted.

不适用

不适用

不适用

€250,000

改建物业或保护建筑

任何地方，无最低面积要求：依据2024年4月5日或之后签发的许可文件改建为住宅、并在申请前完成改建的物业，或保护建筑。否则视地区为€400,000或€800,000，单套物业面积至少120平方米。全部价款须在申请前付清，由希腊主管机关决定。

希腊的四条途径

• €250,000Shares or bonds of a start-up registered on Elevate Greece (a stake of at most one third; at least 2 jobs kept for 5 years) 未核实
• €350,000Units of a mutual fund or alternative investment fund that invests only in Greece
• €500,000A Greek bank time deposit of at least one year, Greek government bonds with at least 3 years to maturity, or new listed shares or bonds of Greek companies, real-estate investment companies or venture-capital funds
• €800,000Listed shares, corporate bonds or Greek government bonds bought on Greek regulated markets

投资者居留许可：5年，持有投资期间可续签

无工作权利。

无；不在希腊不影响续签

配偶或登记伴侣、21岁以下子女和双方父母

长期居留

The permit renews without limit while the investment is held. EU long-term resident status needs 5 years of continuous lawful residence; whether years on this permit count without living in Greece is unsettled.

国籍

Naturalisation after 7 years of lawful and permanent residence, integration and an exam; years spent living abroad are unlikely to count. Greece has no citizenship by investment.

没有购房途径

A planned €500,000 home-purchase route was withdrawn before it opened (December 2024).

• €250,000Units of a real-estate fund registered by the Hungarian National Bank (at least 40% of its assets in Hungarian homes), blocked for 5 years
• €1,000,000A donation to a public-trust university for education, research or artistic work 不予退还

Guest investor residence permit of up to 10 years, renewable once for up to 10 more

持此许可者享有工作权利。

None required

Family-reunification permits, with work rights; spouse, minor children and dependent parents 据报道

长期居留

A national permanent residence card after 3 years is the general rule; whether guest investors qualify is not confirmed 未核实

国籍

Naturalisation after 8 years of continuous residence, plus an exam in Hungarian constitutional studies

没有购房途径

Never part of the programme.

• €250,000An innovative Italian start-up
• €500,000An Italian limited company
• €1,000,000A donation to a project of public interest 不予退还
• €2,000,000Italian government bonds

Investor residence permit: 2 years, renewable for 3 years if the investment is kept 未核实

No specific rule found 未核实

Family reunification: spouse or civil partner, minor children, adult children dependent for health reasons, dependent parents 据报道

长期居留

EU long-term residence after 5 years of continuous legal residence, with Italian at A2 level 据报道

国籍

Naturalisation after 10 years of legal residence, with Italian at B1 level. A referendum in June 2025 to shorten this to 5 years failed.